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Registration of Chinese patent medicine in European Union (EU) is of great significance to the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine as EU market acts as an important position in the global botanical market. In retrospect, the domestic studies on EU regulations of traditional herbal medicinal products have been conducted for more than 10 years, but there is still some cognitive bias and lack of research. In this paper, a review of the relevant research progress and the main misunderstanding problems about Directive 2004/24/EC, like the centralized and decentralized supervision system of traditional herbal medicinal products in the EU, marketing authorization procedures for traditional herbal medicinal products, Community Herbal Monograph and List Entries, would be systematically analyzed, so as to provide reference for the registration of Chinese patent medicine in EU.
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Objective The bioinformatics software and database were involved in prediction of the target genes of hsa-miR-26a,so as to lay foundation and provide theoretical basis for the further studies of hsa-miR-26a biological function in fetal lung development.Methods All literature of miR-26a were searched in PubMed and Google ; miRBase database was used to obtain the sequence of hsa-miR-26a and to analyze its conservation.The target genes of miR-26a were predicted using miRNA target gene database miRGen2.0.TargetScans and PicTar were used to predict target genes of hsa-miR-26a.The intersection of the 2 results and validated targets from DIANA LAB-TarBase 6.0 datebase was analyzed by gene ontology and pathway analysis.Results Hsa-miR-26a had been reported in cancer,cell differentiation,organ development,the immune system as well as involved in other biological process;hsa-miR-26a was highly conservative among different species.The functions of these target genes were enriched in translation regulation,the protein modification,the regulation of celluar proliferation,apoptosis and differentiation process,kinase activity regulation,target genes exist in all of the cell components,including cell membrane,cytoplasm and nucleus.The Wnt signaling pathway,mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway,the pathway of tumor p53 signaling pathways,cell cycle and adherens junction pathways were significantly enriched and prostate cancer,small cell lung cancer,colorectal cancer,renal cell cancer and glioma were mainly involved (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The target genes of hsa-miR-26a are enriched in multiple biological process.The prediction and bioinformatic analysis of miR-26a target genes lay the foundation for the further study in fetal lung development.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To bioinformatically predict and analyze target genes of miRNA-126(*), with the aim of providing certain basis for related research about target genes and regulatory mechanism in the future.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The miRNA chip technology was applied to measure expression levels of miRNA-126(*) in 3 time points (embryo 16, 19 and 21 days) of fetal lung development. Then the target genes of miRNA-126(*) were screened through miRGen2.0 database. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis of these target genes was performed by Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway analysis (KEGG Pathway analysis).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>miRNA-126(*) manifested continuously upregulated expression with the lung development (from embryo 16 to 21 days). There were 422 predicted target genes in total, and the gene set mainly located in glucuronosyltransferase activity, transferase activity (GO molecular function), multicellular organismal development, developmental process (GO biology process) and intracellular part (GO cellular component). The KEGG Pathway analysis demonstrated that the gene set mostly located in RNA degradation (signal transduction pathway) and prion diseases (disease pathway).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results suggest that miRNA-126(*) plays a certain role in fetal lung development and provide a basis for lung development research in the future.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Computational Biology , Glucuronosyltransferase , Metabolism , Lung , Embryology , MicroRNAs , Physiology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction , PhysiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression and role of miRNA-126/miRNA-126(*) in the fetal lung development of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and the fetal rats were removed at 16, 19 and 21 days of gestation respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe lung morphology of fetal rats. Then microRNA (miRNA) microarray was used to study the expression patterns of miRNA-126/miRNA-126(*) in fetal lungs at the three time points. And miRNA-126(*) was selected for further study by real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no evident difference in the expression of miRNA-126 among the three groups, however the expression level of miRNA-126(*) increased gradually as the fetal lung developed. The real-time PCR result further showed that expression of miRNA-126(*) increased gradually with lung development, displaying significant differences among the three groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>miRNA-126(*) may play an important role in development of the fetal lung in rats.</p>